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BACKGROUNDRecently, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) was identified as a major participant in glioma pathogenesis. At present, the enzymatic activity of the protein has been the main topic in investigating its physiological function, but its signaling pathway allocation was unsuccessful. Interestingly, proteins regulated by phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, are among the top downregulated...
BACKGROUNDInsulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) is implicated in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), osteosarcoma (OS), and synovial sarcoma (SS). The authors conducted a multi‐institutional phase 2 trial of the monoclonal antibody R1507 in patients with various subtypes of recurrent or refractory sarcomas.
METHODSEligibility criteria included age ≥2 years and a diagnosis of recurrent...
BACKGROUNDThe discovery of new, effective non–anthracycline‐based reinduction regimens for children with recurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is critical. In this phase 1/2 study, the tolerability and overall response rate of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine was investigated in children with recurrent/refractory AML.
METHODSAAML0523 enrolled 49 children with AML in first recurrence or...
Targeted therapy has emerged as an effective treatment option for certain molecular subsets of advanced stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The discovery of the echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein like 4–anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4‐ALK) translocation as an oncogenic driver has led to the development of novel therapies with activity in vitro and in the clinic. The first‐in‐class tyrosine...
BACKGROUNDA better understanding of when cure can be declared in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) would reduce anxiety and improve quality of life of AML survivors. The authors determined the likelihood that patients with AML would maintain long‐term remission after the completion of therapy.
METHODSThe cumulative risk of relapse, the time to relapse, event‐free survival, and overall survival...
BACKGROUNDFew studies to date have used the cancer diagnosis as a teachable moment to promote healthy behavior changes in survivors of cancer and their family members. Given the role of obesity in the primary and tertiary prevention of breast cancer, the authors explored the feasibility of a mother‐daughter weight loss intervention.
METHODSA randomized controlled trial of a mailed weight loss intervention...
BACKGROUNDThis study sought to compare the effectiveness of aggressive versus nonaggressive treatment in reducing cancer‐specific mortality for older men with early‐stage prostate cancer across differing comorbid disease burdens at diagnosis.
METHODSIn total, the authors sampled 140,553 men aged ≥66 years with early‐stage prostate cancer who were diagnosed between 1991 and 2007 from the Surveillance,...
BACKGROUNDBrentuximab vedotin (BV) is an anti‐CD30 monoclonal antibody‐drug conjugate that was approved in 2011 for the treatment of patients with anaplastic large cell and Hodgkin lymphomas. The product label indicates that 3 patients who were treated with BV developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a frequently fatal JC virus‐induced central nervous system infection. Prior immunosuppressive...
BACKGROUNDPreclinical and clinical studies suggest synergistic activity between somatostatin analogues and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. The activity and safety of everolimus was assessed in combination with octreotide long‐acting repeatable (LAR) in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of gastroenteropancreatic and lung origin.
METHODSThis was a phase 2, multicenter trial using...
BACKGROUNDLittle is known about infections among adult survivors of childhood cancer. The authors report the occurrence of infections and risk factors for infections in a large cohort of survivors of childhood cancer.
METHODSThe Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort was used to compare incidence rates of infections among 12,360 5‐year survivors of childhood cancer with the rates of 4023 siblings...
BACKGROUNDF‐box protein 32 (FBXO32) (also known as atrogin‐1), a member of the F‐box protein family, has recently been identified as a transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β)/Smad target gene involved in regulating cell survival, and it may be transcriptionally silenced by epigenetic mechanisms in some kinds of carcinomas, yet its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been defined...
BACKGROUNDTo evaluate whether progress continues in identifying more effective treatments for children and adolescents with cancer, the authors examined both overall and disease‐specific childhood cancer mortality rates for the United States, focusing on data from 2000 to 2010.
METHODSAge‐adjusted US mortality trends from 1975 to 2010 were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Analyses of...
BACKGROUNDSurgeon and hospital factors are associated with the survival of patients treated for rectal cancer. The relative contribution of each of these factors toward determining outcomes is poorly understood.
METHODSWe used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database to analyze the outcomes of patients aged 65 years and older undergoing operative treatment for nonmetastatic...
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